In previous chapters we have seen that compounds are tightly attracted group of atoms. In this chapter we will find how the compounds are formed. Compounds are formed due to strong force of attraction. In chemical world it is described as Chemical Bonding. There are two main types of bonding that we are going to discuss: ionic bonding and covalent bonding. We will examine ionic bonding first.

Both ionic bonding and covalent bonding follow one general rule: Electrons gain, lose or share valence electrons to attain the electronic configuration of the noble gas closest to them in the periodic table which is popularly called octet rule.

Ionic bonds results from the transfer of electrons from one element to another. Ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal. Ionic compound consists of oppositely charged ions that strong electrostatic attraction for each other. Whereas, covalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Covalent bonds occur between two nonmetals or when a metalloid combines with a nonmetals. Covalent compound form discrete molecules where they are connected by weak intermolecular forces.

Ionic compound, Table Salt (NaCl)

Covalent Compound, water (H₂O)

Questions

Which pairs of elements are likely to form ionic bonds and which pairs are likely to form covalent bonds? a) carbon and hydrogen, b) two bromine atoms, c) sodium and sulfur, d) magnesium and bromine

Ans:

covalent bond
covalent bond
Ionic bond
Ionic bond

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