Matter is anything that has mass and takes up volume. Chemistry is the study of matter, its composition, properties and transformations. In Chemistry matter is considered at particulate level. Every matter can be seen at macroscopic level as well as microscopic particulate level.

At the particulate level, three states of matter exist. A solid has a definite volume, and maintains its shape and regardless of the container in which it is placed. The particles of a solid lie close together and are arranged in a regular three-dimensional array.
A liquid has a definite volume, but takes on the shape of a container it occupies. The particles of a liquid are close together, but they can randomly move around, sliding past one another.

A gas has no definite shape or volume. The particles of a gas move randomly and are separated by a distance much larger than their size. The particles of a gas expand to fill the volume and assume the shape of whatever the container they are put in.
One phase is converted to another phase by the addition of thermal energy. Matter changes state when energy is added or taken away. Most matter changes because of heat energy. … When matter is heated enough, the molecules move faster and with greater energy. If enough heat is added, a solid can become liquid and a liquid can become gas.

Try this out!

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/states-of-matter/latest/states-of-matter_en.html

Go to the above PHET simulatihttps://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/states-of-matter/latest/states-of-matter_en.html on activity of states of matter.

1)Click on Neon and observe the motion as solid liquid and gas. What do you notice?
2) Change the substance from Neon to Argon and click on solid, liquid and gas respectively. Both are atoms. What do you observe?
3) Now change to molecules like oxygen and water. What do you observe?
4) What do you observe when you increase or decrease the temperature of solid, liquid and gas?

Now Click on the phase change tab and press the finger to increase the pressure for solid, liquid and gas.
5) Which states of matter can be mostly compressed?
6) What do you conclude about volume and shape of three states of matter from this experiment?

Ans: 1) Solid particles are rigid with little vibration, liquid particles are slightly mobile, gas particles are moving with high speed, colliding with each other.

2) same

3) same

4) kinetic energy decreases with decreasing temp and increases with increasing with temperature

5) Gas

6) With increasing motion

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Quizzes

Practice Quiz: Module 1 Unit 4

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