Chapter 10: Unit 7. Summary

Three-Dimensional Structural Representations

Dash-wedge-line structure

Dashes represent bonds receding behind the page, wedges bonds coming out of the page, and solid line bonds
in the plane of the page.

Ball-and-stick model

This type of model emphasizes the connection (bond) among the atoms and show the tetrahedral arrangement of
bonds about carbon atoms.

Space-filling model

This type of emphasizes the overall shape of the molecule and show the tetrahedral arrangement of bonds
about carbon atoms.

Two-Dimensional Structural Representations

expanded structural formula

A structural formula that show all atoms in a molecule and all bonds connecting the atoms.

Condensed structural formula

A structural formula that uses grouping of atoms, in which central atoms and the atoms connected to them are written as a group.

Skeletal structural formula

A structural formula that shows the arrangement and bonding of carbon atoms present but does not show the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms.

line-angle structural formula

A structural formula in which a line represent a carton-carbon bond and a carbon atom in understood to be present at every point where lines meet and at the end of line.